The Environmental Awareness And Social Mobilization - A Sudy By Artur Victoria

Chauí (1995) considers two movements of the exponential sense and perception to the twentieth century: the conception and design intellectualistic empiricist.

The empiricists feel the sensations as physical and physiological responses to external stimuli acting promptly on our organs of senses, nervous system and brain. The sensations are independent, the perception ordering them. Perception and sensation are passive players in front of the field activities outside of our body. For the intellectual, feeling, and perception are phenomena that are directly related to the intellectual capacity of the subject of knowledge. In this case, the subject is active before the external events to it. The sensation is processed and led to a perception when an activity of understanding of what you feel, when rational processes (the thought) the sensations. Subject to the differences, both the empiricists and the intellectualistic believed the relationship of cause and effect as a mediator between external things and the subject. Sum of sensations, organized in perceptions, synthesize the object perceived.

To address the perception by the side of the phenomenology Merleau-Ponty (1994), we have: "The world is not what I think, but what I live, I'm open to the world, communicate with me doubt him, but do not know it is inexhaustible. "To the author "[...] the phenomenology is the attempt of a direct description of our experience as it is [...]." The perception is an experience with a meaning.

You could say that the overall perceptions of an object or shape, is described in the actual act of meaning and significance. A message that is dictated by the thoughts and perceptions conditioned by a relationship, a communication between what is perceived and that which perceives. The reality shows not only with the measurements and who it is, but also through the intermediation and subjective analysis of the changes that permeate the relationship and make integration of the subject in the world and the world face. A phenomenological philosophy it is "[...] an exact science, but is also a story of space, time, the world lived." (Merleau-Ponty, 1994).

We find that the experience behind the thought, diving in the sensitive and find the invisible behind the visible, since it is an existential condition of the other. Made visible the invisible: the depth is not the third dimension of space, is the invisible visible, without which what we see and without which nothing would be visible, the sides of the cube that we see the invisible sound of the cube, so what it is something visible. The invisible is not a double negative a positive good that the visible, but it is visible by the visible, and its back padding, one of its dimensions, an absence that counts in the world.

The dialectical relationship between form and essence, objective and subjective, and (why not?), Consciousness and unconsciousness is the relationship itself the movement of knowledge. It is a holistic understanding of the human-environment in which "[...] the whole environment surrounding the man, whether physical, social, psychological or even imaginary, influences the perception and conduct." (DEL RIO, OLIVEIRA, 1996), the same happened in reverse.

In the phenomenological theory of knowledge is considered as the perception and the primary source of human knowledge. The perception is also thought to perceive the world (Merleau-Ponty, 1994). If understand and define our way of relationship and other things so positive or negative, we see things as instruments or as values, react positively or negatively the colors, smells, tastes, textures, distances, sizes (CHAUÍ, 1995 p. 123, author's emphasis).

So we can say that the world is as subject assets, giving directions, values and new interpretations of things perceived, as they are part of our lives and interact with the world perceived quality, significant and structurally.

The complexity of the relations established between our senses and the world, between our body and the bodies of others and / or things from the outside and inside that should speak in a field of perceptual intersection spheres of reason, emotion, thought, imaginary (meaning, interpretation), individualization, socialization, learning and feeling. The perception is in the act.

For Merleau-Ponty (1994), "the most important acquisition of phenomenology was undoubtedly have united to end the extreme subjective objectivism in its notion of rationality or the world." There is no inferiority or deformity in the act of perceiving.

We not only with our reasoning, but also with all our senses. The perception is misleading, it is what it is, our interpretation of the world.

It is the encounter between the subjective things and subjects that shows that it is not known to the visible component of the concepts, giving meaning, or so that they can mean.

You can quote: The phenomenological world is not the explanation be a precondition, but the foundation of being, the philosophy is not a true reflection of the prior, but as the art is making a true "[...] The science is is about the world lived. Science full, integrated, accurate and extensive is that which recognizes the experience and travels the world, of which she is the second expression (Merleau-Ponty, 1994).

The word perception for most studies of environmental perception has a broad connotation and includes not only the popular perceptions bio-physiological, but also the mental images that make the world lived (reality), our memories , experience (what we know), preferences (the value), interpretations, attitudes and expectations (which we aspire). Therefore, the environmental perception is tied to the act of contact with external elements (objective and collective) and internal (subjective and personal) experience.

The cognitive processes, assessment and conduct are part of which is the continuous environmental perception. This meaning would be recognized in psychology under the scope of studies on cognition, or as a mental process with which intermediates our relationship with the world giving meaning to information structured and selected as our interests.

The Prof. Sandra Faggionato (2004) makes observations about human perception, in particular the environmental report. For the man she is constantly acting on the means to address their needs and desires.

Our actions on the environment, natural or constructed, affect the quality of life for several generations. The various architectural and urban projects that affect the responses of users and residents. And not talking about emotional responses, which depend on our mood or disposition of the moment, but of their own psychological satisfaction with the environment.

To Faggionato (2004), each individual perceives, reacts and responds differently to opposite actions on the environment. The responses or events are thus result from perceptions of cognitive processes, judgments and expectations of each individual. Although not all psychological manifestations are evident, are constant, and affect our behavior, most often unconsciously.

To Chauí (1995) the world has seen and felt inseparable forms of the subject's perception. The perception is a communication between the [...] our body, the body of the other subjects and bodies of things [...]". In the case of urban environment, there are many aspects that directly or indirectly, affect the vast majority of people - poverty, crime, pollution, etc.. These factors are listed as sources of dissatisfaction with urban life. However there are a number of sources of satisfaction associated with it.

The cities have a strong power of attraction because of its heterogeneity, handling and choices.

Reference to environmental perception, the environment studied by several authors covers both the natural environment as culturally constructed. It is worth noting that the placement obtained by the different fields of research work eventually intertwines, assisting in the structuring of a complex thinking on the perceived environment. In addressing issues of urban environment is different from the topological and psychological spaces. The first is behavioral aspects from the use of urban spaces, while the second concerns the perception of physical training in the city.

The study, included in the UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) is interested in the expectations of the residents facing the recovery and accessibility of use of river and of its importance in the construction of the imaginary city. One of the most common manifestations of discontent of the population is vandalism. Aggressive conduct in relation to physical and architectural elements, usually public, or located close to public places. This is the most among low income social classes who from day to day, are subject to poor quality of life, since the problem of urban transport, to the quality of neighborhoods and groups living in housing, hospitals and schools that depend on, etc.. The works escapism and Space and Place (TUAN, 1980, 1983), for example, the author acknowledges the influence of environmental factors in perceptions of people from different regions and cultures, showing the peculiarities of these differences.

- It is moreover, suggest that different perceptions are possible in the same space. In this sense, diversity, confirmed by such differences may, in a broad sense, raising the possibility of ways of life more harmonious with the environment, since the differences can be arranged so as to complement, not contradict it.

- It is important to emphasize the dynamics present in these various human perceptions that are likely to change in attitude towards the environment and may even come to reverse. The concepts (order of quality and value) developed and named by Tuan (1980) escapism and escapism mean respectively the affection and aversion to the environment by the population, where experiences with spaces or places are positive and pleasant, can be considered experiences of escapism , whereas when they are disgusting, they are unpleasant and negative experiences of escapism .

Tuan points out the difficulty in accurately and effectively assess the factors responsible for human perception, because: To understand the environmental preference of a person, considering their need biological heritage, creation, education, work and physical surroundings.

The level of attitudes and preferences of the group, it is necessary to know the cultural history and experience of a group in the physical environment. In neither case is possible to distinguish clearly between the role of cultural and physical environment. The concepts "culture" and "environment" is overlapping in the same way that the concepts "man" and "nature" (TUAN 1980, p. 67).

Expressions of escapism presentable when the reference is subjective, if the approach is, for example, an interview with an inhabitant of the field where the environment is perceived by him full of emotional values is consistent with their daily lives and their familiarity (living landscape). As for the technical and environmental researchers are the representations of conceptual orders and committed to scientific objectivity (landscape not lived). For Piaget, the perception is the individual's functional exchanges with the environment outside, that these exchanges have two aspects: the cognitive and affective.

That is, at the same time that the individual knows the outside world, develops feelings for him, and the most important aspect is the cognitive, while the emotional is seen as the energy of the system. The affection is the impulse which directs the perception, or the emotion of the people linking to your space.

Every image and idea about the world then consists of personal experience, learning, imagination, memory and value systems. The places we live in, those who come and visit the worlds on which we read and see in works of art, and the areas of imagination and fantasy of each contribute to our images of nature and man.

The research on environmental perception located in a typical aspect of relationships and interactions between humans and the environment, because it is an approach where the understanding of the environment, individually or collectively, is considered one of the factors that characterize this environment through choices and behavior. You can investigate what is the perception people have of their environment, how the culture and experience affect the perception, what the attitudes towards the environment are and what role it plays in environmental perception, spatial arrangement of environment and appearance of the landscape.

Thus we consider the area as a historic and dynamic of the interaction of natural factors, social, cultural, economic and political landscape not only linked to the physical and cultural, but also the experience and expertise of people with the world lived. The landscape is outlined according to the views of those who say, revealing an experiment where the subject and object are inseparable, since the subject is part of the landscape and this is made for him.

The man understands and lives the landscape, giving it meaning, values, symbols and myths; learns its rational contents, subjective and emotional.