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The Paradigms Review
The state and its sovereignty are the face of new poles of power In the realm of theory, revision of interpretive studies of the international scene has led to such divergent responses ranging from the conservative behaviorists to postmodern iconoclasts...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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The Review of the Concepts of Safety and Capacity
States quickly learn 'the game' or they should do to ensure their survival and make the appropriate security measures...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Summarizing Power
Summarizing power relativity imposes social dynamics, explained by the concepts of relativity and comprehensiveness of power...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Multidimensional Security
This concept runs through the current debate on international relations, the role of government and not-state actors and the scope of the rights of individuals, both at inside-state and internationally...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Society
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The Reality of Insecurity
In this multidimensional dimension of insecurity, we are witnessing a moment of fatal confluence of crises that generate such feedback, and many devastating impacts on vast quantities of human beings, particularly the most vulnerable regions and sectors of this inequitable globalization and compulsive ...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Guide to National Security and Foreign Policy - Policy Analysis
In defining the state policy, national security and foreign policy, the starting point is the national interest...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Policies and Interventionism
Foreign policy is clearly defined their goals and permanent is the synthesis of the exercise of power of the state in the field of international relations...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Different Conceptions of Power
The respect that American democracy gives to its constitution and generally the rule of law that emanates from it forms the backbone of his power and authority in the internal...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Personal Integrity - A Career Rule
No matter how strictly written the mandates or how clearly the hierarchy, at some point commitments prescribed will come into conflict...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Self Help
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Career - Behavior Models
Every elected, appointed, and career official must exercise judgment and discretion in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of office...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Self Help
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African Bureaucracies
The context in many African countries (among others) is not conducive to successful bureaucracies For example:
• Information and evaluation are scarce and expensive, which inhibits internal and external controls...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Organizing Workshops to Design Anti-Corruption Strategies
High-level participatory diagnoses have proved remarkably fruitful in generating frank analyses of sensitive policy issues, leading to suggestions for remedial measures...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Fight Against Corruption - After Deterrence Comes the Structural Changes
A campaign against corruption must be credible The public has grown cynical...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Anti-Corruption Strategies
Anti-corruption strategies must go beyond blanket condemnations Privately, at least, one must be very shrewd about where to begin and how...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Applications to Country Programs Against Corruption
A campaign against corruption must go beyond words, indeed beyond new laws Institutional adjustment is needed to limit the scope of corruption (and more generally, to enhance efficiency)...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - - Artur Victoria Studies
The International Political Risk Service Group Ltd is a private company that provides analysis of political risk for 140 countries in the world...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - Relevant Projects of the International IDEA - Artur Victoria Studies
The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance is one of the most interesting, if not the most useful, possible sources in the area of democracy research...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - The IDEA Questionnaire - Artur Victoria Studies
From the broadly concept of democracy an assessment questionnaire is formed It contains four components and each of them contains a number of questions...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - The UNDP’s Human Development Report - Artur Victoria Studies
The UNDP Human Development Report was first launched in 1990 and it has been conducted regularly each year since then...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Concept of Democracy - Artur Victoria Study
“Democracy” is nearly universally cherished in the contemporary world: hence the inherently contested nature of the concept...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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About Democracy - Artur Victoria Researchs
More generally, not all definitions operate at the same level of abstraction, or even if they do, they may define democracy with reference to different sets of other abstract concepts despite an apparent agreement on what empirical phenomena is delineated by the concept...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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How to Measure Democracy - The Freedom House Survey of Political and Civil Liberties - Artur Victoria Studies
Freedom House was founded almost sixty years ago by Eleanor Roosevelt, Wendell Willkie and other Americans concerned with the dangers that faced democracy...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - The US Department of State’s Reports on Human Rights - Artur Victoria Studies
The American Department of State issues an annual report on the state of human rights in each country that is a member of the United Nations...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - Human Rights Watch’s - Artur Victoria Studies
Human Rights Watch’s annual report is similar to the AI report and can be put to the same use as suggested above...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - Reports by the International Press Institute - Artur Victoria Studies
The International Press Institute is the organization that is operating as the global network of editors, media executives and leading journalists...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - Reports by the Committee to Protect Journalists - Artur Victoria Studies
The Committee to Protect Journalists is a non-profit organization established with the aim to protect the press freedom around the world...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - Reports on Press Freedom by Reporters Sans Frontiers - Artur Victoria Studies
Reporters sans frontiers are another source of information on the state of press freedom The report of RSF that is conducted annually is in terms of content and topic covered very similar to the reports of the CPJ and IPI...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Measuring Democracy - The ICFTU’s Reports on Violations of Union Rights - Artur Victoria Studies
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions publishes annual report about the violations of labor and union rights that is covering 148 countries and territories...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Political Parties Funding Recent History - A Study by Artur Victoria
Parties seek more money from the taxpayer but there will always be tight constraints on this source of funding...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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Bribery of Foreign Officials – a Study by Artur Victoria
In the past the extent of bribery by companies from Western Europe and North America of foreign officials for contracts has been a matter of pure speculation...
Author: Artur Victoria - Category: Politics
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